Rosen's relational biology maintains that organisms, and indeed all systems, have **a distinct quality called organization** which is not part of the language of reductionism, as for example in molecular biology, although it is increasingly employed in systems biology. It has to do with more than purely structural or material aspects. For example, **organization includes all relations** between material parts, relations between the effects of interactions of the material parts, and relations with time and environment, to name a few. Many people sum up this aspect of complex systems[9] by saying that the whole is more than the sum of the parts. Relations between parts and between the effects of interactions must be considered as additional 'relational' parts, in some sense.
Rosen's ideas are becoming increasingly accepted in theoretical biology, and there are several current discussions.[19][20][21][22] One of his main results, as explained in his book Life Itself (1991), was the unexpected conclusion that (M,R) systems cannot be simulated by Turing machines. Erwin Schrödinger discussed issues of quantum genetics in his famous book of 1945, What Is Life? These were critically discussed by Rosen in Life Itself and in his subsequent book Essays on Life Itself.[23]
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rosen_(biologist)
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