Seventeen elements or nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction. They are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), [Boron]] (B), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni) and Chlorine (Cl).[1][2][3]
Nutrients required for plants to complete their life cycle are considered Essential Nutrients. Nutrients that enhance the growth of plants but are not necessary to complete the plant's life cycle are considered non-essential.
With the exception of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are supplied by carbon dioxide and water, and nitrogen, provided through nitrogen fixation,[3] the nutrients derive originally from the Mineral component of the soil.
The Law of the Minimum expresses that when the available form of a nutrient is not in enough proportion in the soil solution, then other nutrients cannot be taken up at an optimum rate by a plant.[4] A particular nutrient ratio of the soil solution is thus mandatory for optimizing plant growth, a value which might differ from nutrient ratios calculated from plant composition.[5]
The nutrients adsorbed onto the surfaces of clay colloids and Soil Organic Matter provide a more accessible reservoir of many plant nutrients (e.g. K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrients_in_soil
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