Ostrom's 8 Principles

# Design principles for Common Pool Resource (CPR) institution Ostrom identified eight "design principles" of stable local common pool resource management:[33][34]

1-Clearly defined (clear definition of the contents of the Common Pool Resource and effective exclusion of **external** un-entitled parties);

2-The appropriation and **provision** of common resources that are adapted to Local Conditions;

3-Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to Participate in the **decision-making** process;

4-Effective Monitoring by monitors who are part of or **account**able to the appropriators;

5-A scale of Graduated Sanctions for resource appropriators who **violate** community rules;

6-Mechanisms of **Conflict Resolution** that are cheap and of easy access;

7-**Self-determination** of the community Recognized by Higher-level Authorities; and

8-In the case of larger common-pool resources, **organization** in the form of multiple Layers of Nested Enterprises**, with small local CPRs at the base level.